Very small-scale maps (such as world maps) are not included. An episode of tremor began at 2100 and lasted 40 minutes, and was possibly associated with a minor increase in venting. Few, but intermittent, rockfall events, VT earthquakes, and an increasing number of small LP and hybrid earthquakes were detected through 21 April (see figure 26). Credit: NOAA, Initial ash plume seen by GEOS-16 from the April 9, 2021 eruption at La Soufriere on St. Vincent. Geotherm. Almorales, Seismic Research Unit, University of the West Indies. - 1718 Mar 29 Sources: University of the West Indies Seismic Research Centre (UWI-SRC); National Emergency Management Organisation (NEMO), Government of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; Advanced geospatial Data Management Platform (ADAM). The situation in the crater remains the same as it has been for more than a month. and drifted mainly N over the sea. These statements are incorrect. The NE rim of the 1.6-km-wide summit crater is cut by a crater (500 m wide and 60 m deep) that formed in 1812. No lava has been extruded into Soufrire's central crater since the survey of 25 October. The present rate of drop in water level is 4 inches per day, but the lake has finally reached its pre-eruption level, 85 feet below 3 November datum. The phase of lava emission appears to have come to a halt, but crater observations will continue. Steam frequently rose slightly above the crater rim. Thermal satellite data. Volcanoes of the eastern Caribbean: past activity and future hazards. Table 1 summarizes observations at the crater. On the other hand, the shallow tremors have decreased to about one-quarter of their rate of occurrence in early December, without any decline having taken place in the rate of injection of new lava into the dome. volcano started emitting a tall grey-tan plume, of volcanic ash into the air above the small island. Lava extrusion at Soufrire continued through July. Smaller lahars were recorded during the mornings of 30 April and 1 May. Data from four seismometers are telemetered continuously to Trinidad, and scientists visit the volcano every weekend. Observations made at the crater [are included in Table 5]. Scientists observed damaged vegetation, likely caused by fire, on the NW part of the crater (just N of the dome). Continuous harmonic tremor began to build an hour later, and within 2 hours was saturating the seismometers. The cooling of the lake to 66C is an indication that at present very little hot lava is in contact with the water. Tremors in the vicinity of the crater continue to be recorded, at a rate of about 10/day for the past week. Data is the average of three determinations; analysis was done by the U.S. Geological Survey. You can switch between the current (or last daylight) view from this cam and the most recent daylight view via the two thumbnail images. Updated measurements were taken of the new crater, by 17 April according to an Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris scientist. The Grantley Adams International Airport (GAIA) in Barbados also closed. La Soufrire, a stratovolcano on the Caribbean island of Saint Vincent in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, began an effusive eruption on 27 December 2020. Those eruptions lasted months, so if this cycle is similar, people may need to stay away from the volcano (and their homes) for quite a long time. Multiple lahars continued to be recorded by the seismic network within all drainages during 28-30 April due to heavy rainfall (figure 32). A lava dome was emplaced in the summit crater in 1971 during a strictly effusive eruption, forming an island within a lake that filled the crater. Overnight during 10-11 April ash again fell island-wide, and also in the Grenadines (to the SSW), Barbados, and Saint Lucia (50 km NNE). The number of crater tremors have gradually declined to one about every two days. A boat trip was made around the island and water temperature recorded at different points in the lake. Sources: University of the West Indies Seismic Research Centre (UWI-SRC); National Emergency Management Organisation (NEMO), Government of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; Advanced geospatial Data Management Platform (ADAM); Argyle International Airport Inc. University of the West Indies Seismic Research Centre (UWI-SRC) and National Emergency Management Organisation (NEMO) reported that the explosive eruption at Soufrire St. Vincent (often simply referred to as La Soufriere) continued during 14-20 April, though at a decreasing frequency. The sticky basaltic andesite lava like the dome that had been forming at La Soufrire (above) can trap gases as new magma rises underneath, creating pressure that can lead to a more explosive style of eruption. Clicking on the small images will load the full 300 dpi map. This compilation of synonyms and subsidiary features may not be comprehensive. Forecast models ECMWF, GFS, NAM and NEMS The rate of growth was variable, though overall slow. The water temperature at the lake edge, which remained constant between 56-60C during the previous four weeks, dropped to a new low of 53.5C on February 27. Calderas of gravity-slide structures in the Lesser Antilles Island Arc?. Card 1319 (23 November 1971) John F. Tomblin, Seismic Research Unit, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad. The La Soufriere volcano in Saint Vincent has erupted, spewing ash and lava in a dramatic event that followed a declaration of disaster in the Caribbean nation. The lake temperature remains between 79-80C at the margin of the lake. Card 1358 (23 February 1972) W. Aspinall and H.J. The rate of LP and hybrid events dropped significantly at 2000. University of the West Indies Seismic Research Centre (UWI-SRC) and National Emergency Management Organisation (NEMO) reported that the lava dome in Soufrire St. Vincents main crater continued to grow during 20-26 January. We are in the lower half of that range. The following 270 samples associated with this volcano can be found in the Smithsonian's NMNH Department of Mineral Sciences collections, and may be availble for research (contact the Rock and Ore Collections Manager). For each MODIS image, the algorithm automatically scans each 1 km pixel within it to check for high-temperature hot-spots. Sulfur dioxide emissions were measured from a boat near the W coast, yielding a flux of 208 tons per day on 9 May. The occurrence of crater tremors was practically zero, with one tremor recorded during the last two weeks. A period of summit crater lava extrusion, accompanied by little or no seismicity, began in late April and was continuing at the end of June. Card 1366 (20 March 1972) Crater observations, 29 February-12 March. This lava dome is gradually emerging above the water level, higher and higher at approximately 4-6 feet per day. The following report on the subject comes from SRU's Richard Robertson. Observations made during the afternoon indicated that pyroclastic flows had reached the ocean in every valley extending from Larikai to Wallibou, a length of about 5 km. Soufrire St. Vincent (also referred to as "La Soufrire") is the northernmost stratovolcano on St. Vincent Island in the southern part of the Lesser Antilles. B., Aspinall, W. P., Rowley, K. C., Pereira, J., Sigurdsson, H., Fiske, R. S., Tomblin, J. F., 1979. Fresh, hot material is also visible surrounding the thermal anomaly, which demonstrates the growth of the lava dome over time. Around midday, the time between episodes of high-amplitude tremor lengthened from 1.5-4 hours to 5-8 hours, which continued to coincide with explosions and ash emissions. Confirmed Eruption. Both the 1979 and 1902 explosive eruption cycles at La Soufrire were quite significant, ranking VEI 3 and 4 respectively. On 23 April the sulfur dioxide flux was 992 tons per day, recorded again from the W coast. Bull Cent Geol Surv, 3: 31-43. doi:10.1038/282024a0. En cliquant sur ce bouton, vous acceptez nos Conditions et notre Politique de confidentialit.Commentaires anonymes vont apparatre sur le site aprs l'acceptation par le modrateur. since 1979, although lava has been erupting at the summit since late December 2020. Small seismic events continued to be recorded by the summit seismograph. Occasional satellite images of the summit showed a series of changes to the new crater, centered in the SW part of the summit crater. Webcams in the region of Soufriere, Saint Lucia The List of Webcams near Soufriere, Saint Lucia: Webcam Saint-Pierre, Martinique - 62.3 miles from Soufriere: Seaview - Webcam des pontons de Saint-Pierre dans le Nord Martinique. Sulfur dioxide emissions were 232 and 391 tons per day on 17 and 18 April, respectively. Steam-and-gas plumes rose from some areas inside the crater and thermal anomalies persisted. When one is found the date, time, location, and intensity are recorded. Information Contacts: Card 1321 (01 December 1971) Haraldur Sigurdsson, Seismic Research Unit, University of the West Indies. Photos showed people in Sandy Bay shoveling off ash from rooftops on 4 May. It is completely different in character from the three earlier historic eruptions of the Soufrire, all of which were violently explosive throughout. Measurements during 11-13 April showed similar results of 0.4-0.6 Tg SO2 depending on altitude. The observers noted that the small black-colored dome had grown on the WSW edge of the 1979 lava dome. Five long-period earthquakes and two brief swarms of VT events occurred in between the tremor episodes; ash venting occurred with the last episode. Seismicity dropped to low levels after the explosion on 22 April and remained low through 27 April; only a few VT, LP, and hybrid earthquakes were recorded. The tremor episodes were associated with explosive activity and stronger pulses of ash emissions to higher altitudes; ash plumes rose to 10.6-16 km (35,000-52,000 ft) a.s.l. Sulfur dioxide emissions were identified in satellite data, and clouds of steam and gas were visible from the Belmont Observatory. Nous nous rservons le droit de bloquer, de supprimer et de modifier des commentaires dont les contenus sont illgaux ou considrs comme insultants. One tremor episode on 16 April at 0615 that lasted about three minutes was accompanied by an explosion, followed by more than two hours of low-level tremor. The Montserrat Volcano Observatory stated that a sulfur odor and minor ashfall from Soufrire St. Vincent was observed on their island (390 km NNW). The distance from the S shore of the crater lake to the island is approximately 12 m. Table 2. . Max VEI: 4, List of 12 Events for Episode 1 at Old summit crater & new NE rim crater, 1784 Mar (in or before) to the east from the island towards Barbados and has reached 20,000 feet. University of the West Indies Seismic Research Centre (UWI-SRC) and National Emergency Management Organisation (NEMO) reported that the lava dome in Soufrire St. Vincents main crater continued to slowly grow during 23-27 March, expanding to the N and S. Gas-and-steam continued to rise from the top of the dome, as well as along the contact with the pre-existing 1979 dome. | April On 9 April at 0840 scientists at the Belmont Observatory reported an explosion that generated an ash plume up to 8 km altitude that drifted mainly ENE (figure 20). Features are organized into four major categories: Cones, Craters, Domes, and Thermal Features. The crater itself lies on the SW margin of a larger 2.2-km-wide caldera, which is breached widely to the SW as a result of slope failure. 2020 Dec 27 - 2021 Apr 22 The temperature was 46C on 7 May and 41C on 11 May. The island has now reached a height of 120 feet above water level and continues to grow in area as new lava spreads laterally in the lake. Ashfall continued to be widespread on 10 April; deposit thickness varied from less than 1 mm in Colonaire (~12.5 km SSE) to 10-15 mm in Rabacca (~7.4 km SSE). The water level continued to decrease, but at a slightly higher average rate, from 1.5 inches/day to 2.0 inches/day. Webcam view of the lava dome at La Soufriere on St. Vincent on April 8, 2021. Credit: University of the West Indies. Katia Krafft climbed to the crater rim on 3 May and observed a small new lava dome growing in the base of the crater, the same area that had been occupied by the center of the now-destroyed 1971 dome. All webcams 1 2 3 Greece Santorini - Caldera - Captain George Santorini Yachting visits: 5 092 Iceland By 17 April an Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris scientist reported that the crater was about 900 m N to S, at least 750 m E to W, and about 100 m deep based on RADAR data. The increase in the rate of growth of the island which occurred on 9 February is continuing at present. Deformation studies on Soufriere, St. Vincent, between 1977 and 1981. Successive explosions and ash pulses fed the plume for hours and it rose to 16 km (52,000 ft) a.s.l. At 0300 on 29 April, the seismicity that had accompanied the eruption since 12 April ended almost completely, and there have been virtually no local earthquakes since then. Dozens of individuals have been . The largest event was registered as a Mw 3.5 at 0920 and was felt by local residents. At about 2000 on the 16th, the seismicity changed entirely to rock fracture events, which continued until the explosion of 17 April. With the exception of a 20-minute period of tremor during the night of 29-30 April, the volcano has remained seismically quiet through early 3 May. La Soufriere Volcano, which erupted in 1718, 1812, 1902, and 1979, lies to the south on the island of St. Vincent. . Sources: University of the West Indies Seismic Research Centre (UWI-SRC); National Emergency Management Organisation (NEMO), Government of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; Searchlight. Minor rockfalls continue to take place off the edges of the lava mass, but these are less frequent than in the past weeks as is also indicated by a slight decrease in the number of tremors recorded by the summit seismograph stations. The water temperature shows a downward trend and reached a new low of 51C on 8 March, but this was followed by rise to 57C by 10 March. Box 1517, Castries, Saint Lucia, West Indies (URL: http://nemo.gov.lc/); MIROVA (Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity), a collaborative project between the Universities of Turin and Florence (Italy) supported by the Centre for Volcanic Risk of the Italian Civil Protection Department (URL: http://www.mirovaweb.it/); Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology (HIGP) - MODVOLC Thermal Alerts System, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST), Univ. The activity pattern of the eruption was comparable to that of the event that occurred in . The surface temperatureof this deposit was well in excess of 100C when it was inspected 28 hours after emplacement. Confirmed Eruption, 2380 BCE 100 years A period of tremor at 1649 on 18 April was accompanied by an explosion that sent an ash plume to 8 km altitude and drifted S and SW (figure 30). The Volcano Ready Communities Project, a collaboration between NEMO SVG and UWI Seismic Research Centre, distributed their volcano hazard map for the surrounding communities, in preparation for a potential evacuation (figure 9). NEMO reported that 12,775 people were displaced by 19 April, with 6,208 people in 85 public shelters and 6,567 people (1,800 families) in private shelters. The summit seismic station recorded 50-200 small earthquakes per day during July, but none of these were detected by instruments on the flanks. During a field visit on 1 February scientists observed that gas-and-steam continued to rise from the top of the dome as well as along the contact of the old and new domes. Recorded eruptions date back to 1718, with notable eruptions occurring in 1812, 1902, and 1979. The lava dome continued to grow to the N and S during April, accompanied by small earthquakes and gas-and-steam emissions rising both from the top of the dome and along the contact with the pre-existing 1979 dome. Trees brought down by lahars reached the ocean, where the floating logs created a hazard for small boats along the coastline. Explosivity or notable ash venting coincided with the episodes. The water level is decreasing at an average rate of 1.5 inches/day, as evaporation over the crater lake continues. Sulfur dioxide emissions were measured from a boat near the W coast, yielding a flux of 1,036 tons per day. (eds)., 1982, Soufrire Volcano, St. Vincent: Observations of its 1979 eruption from the ground, aircraft, and satellites: Science, v. 216, no. You can switch between the current (or last daylight) view from this cam and the most recent daylight view via the two thumbnail images. Max VEI: 3, 1480 150 years There is a drop-down list with volcano names which allow users to 'zoom-in' and examine the distribution of hot-spots at a variety of spatial scales. The Alert Level remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Want More? There is data available for 1 emission periods. Daily satellite-based measurements of SO2 were notable beginning on 9 April. La Soufriere, located near the northern tip of the main island of St Vincent, last erupted in 1979, and a previous eruption in 1902 killed some 1,600 people. The viscosity of the new lava is high so that even if the dome grows to the point at which its flanks overlap the present crater rim, it is unlikely that molten lava will escape down the mountainside. | May Sources: University of the West Indies Seismic Research Centre (UWI-SRC); National Emergency Management Organisation (NEMO), Government of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; Simon Carn; Reuters; UN News Centre; Montserrat Volcano Observatory (MVO); ReliefWeb; Capella Space; Nation News; Caribbean Handbook on Risk Information Management. Virtually all of the recent expansion of the relatively fluid dome has been lateral rather than vertical. The first pre-eruption seismic event, telemetered to the Seismic Research Unit of the University of the West Indies by seismometers 3 and 9 km from Soufrire's summit, was a strong local earthquake at 1106 on 12 April, within 1 hour of the fortnightly earth tide maximum (calculated by F.J. Mauk). Daily satellite-based sulfur dioxide measurements were notable beginning on 9 April. Paper presented at the Workshop on Volcanic and Seismic Hazards in the eastern Caribbean, May 28- June 1, 2001, 57 p. There is data available for 22 confirmed Holocene eruptive periods. The condition was first noted by a pilot who flew over Soufrire on 31 October. SYNOP codes from weather stations and buoys. Card 1321 (01 December 1971) Lava dome growth in crater lake continues. We determined very early on that nothing serious was happening, since we have seismic stations both on the volcano and throughout the island [figure 3], none of which had recorded any increased seismicity. respectively. The largest event, a M 3.5, was recorded at 0920 and felt by local residents. Lamb's preliminary estimate of Dust Veil Index (Lamb, 1970) for this eruption is from 3 to 9, probably nearer to 3. The lava island in the crater lake was visited on 13 December by Haraldur Sigurdsson and Peter Baker in a dinghy and it was found that the water temperature increased from 74C at the lake margin to 90C at a distance of 10 m from the island. On 11 April 1972, H. Sigurdsson reported that "the Soufriere eruption has now ceased. Scientists visited the dome on 16 January and collected rock samples from the W part of the dome. A high-level seismic tremor was also detected at 1109 that lasted for 20 minutes. Gas-and-steam plumes were often visible from Belmont Observatory, on Richmond Peak, about 6 km SSW of the crater. The current rate of increase is 3 ft/day as compared with a rate of increase of 1 ft/day prior to 9 February, representing a 200% increase in the growth rate. By the end of the week both new seismic and continuous GPS monitoring stations had been installed and were transmitting data, bring the total number of dedicated seismic stations to five. On 6 May the Volcanic Alert Level was lowered to Orange (the second highest on a four-color scale) because no explosions had been recorded since 22 April and the number of volcanic earthquakes had decreased significantly. Five long-period (LP) earthquakes and two brief swarms of VT events were detected between the tremor episodes; ash venting was also observed during the last episode. All Rights Reserved. By 12 February the it was 90 m tall, 618 m long, 232 m wide, and had an estimated volume of 6.83 million cubic meters. This was the first explosive eruption at the volcano since 1979. Credit: University of the West Indies. Lightning was visible in the rising plume. Volcanic Hazard Atlas of the Lesser Antilles, Trinidad and Tobago, Seismic Res Unit, Univ West Indies, p 240-261. Shepherd J B, 2001. Courtesy of the Seismic Research Unit. Interactive online tool to view volcano webcams and live seismic recordings side-by-side online. No clear volcanic earthquakes have been recorded, although a seismograph 6 km SW of the summit has recently recorded indeterminate signals of 10-60 second duration. Soufriere Hills vulcano webcams and live data Stratovolcano, lava dome 915 m / 3002 ft (changing!) Gas plumes continued to damage vegetation in the summit area as well as on the SW flank. The maximum depth in this area is 111 feet. Unfortunately, this survey had to be abandoned due to unfavorable conditions on the lake. Ash venting continued through the night and into 10 April. Table 1. Conditions were very unfavorable, with high winds, poor visibility, and frequent rockfalls from the flanks of the dome which are now relatively steep. Lahar deposits were observed in the Sandy Bay area. Seismicity began to increase in early November through 23 December 2020, which included 126 earthquakes described as volcano-tectonic events and rockfall signals that were captured on one reliable seismic station (SVB) located 9 km from the volcano. Weather conditions sometimes prevented visual observations of the crater, though observations on 22 and 25 January confirmed that the previously-identified area of burnt vegetation had expanded, including towards the top of the E crater rim. Those eruptions lasted months, so if this cycle is similar, people may need to stay away from the volcano (and their homes) for quite a long time. Satellite data showed about 0.4 teragrams (Tg) of SO2 in the plume on 10 April, with some stratospheric injection. The monitoring teams replaced a camera and continue to improve the seismic and GPS networks. Basse-Terre North-East: La Soufriere Volcano. Water temperature at the observation point on the S edge of the lake has dropped from 74C to a nearly constant value of 69C. Were the Soufrire eruption to enter an explosive phase, this would be preceded by major changes in seismic activity and other observable phenomena for at least one or two days. In some cases additional feature type, elevation, or location details are provided. Max VEI: 4, 1979 Apr 13 - 1979 Oct 26 5 days Confirmed Eruption Connectez-vous pour que votre commentaire soit visible tout de suite. Thus the present eruption in St. Vincent is likely to continue for one year and could possibly continue for two. The small number of flow front rock avalanches observed during their 4-hour stay may indicate a rate of extrusion substantially lower than in late April. Geotherm. The Washington VAAC reported a new ash emission rising to 7.6 km altitude at 1850 that was associated with a thermal anomaly. However, to completely rule out the possibility of anything unusual happening in the crater that may not have been possibly detected by our various measurements, we advised the local Unit that they should visit the crater summit the next day (18 February).". In late May, fuming was still fairly vigorous around the dome, on the floor of the crater. Basse Terre North East: La Soufriere Volcano is a live webcam located in the destination of Gourbeyre, Guadeloupe. The eruption of 1979 was characterized by ashfall, pyroclastic flows, and lahars, in addition to a series of Vulcanian explosions during 13-26 April 1979 that destroyed the lava dome in the summit crater, which had formed during a 1971 effusive eruption (SEAN 04:04). The dome continued to grow during 27 January-2 February. Information Contacts: Card 1350 (03 February 1972) John F. Tomblin, Seismic Research Unit, University of the West Indies. Source: National Emergency Management Organisation (NEMO), Government of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. University of the West Indies Seismic Research Centre (UWI-SRC) and National Emergency Management Organisation (NEMO) reported that the lava dome in Soufrire St. Vincents main crater continued to grow during 1-9 February. Res., 371:86-100. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. This indicates that the activity has now shifted almost entirely to the N end of the lava island. In: Latter J H (ed), Volcanic Hazards - Assessment and Monitoring, Berlin: Springer-Verlag, p 292-311. This was the first explosive eruption cycles at La Soufriere on St. Vincent back to 1718 with! P 292-311 webcam view of the Lesser Antilles, Trinidad and Tobago, Res!, yielding a flux of 208 tons per day to rock fracture events, which continued until explosion... As well as on the NW part of the crater ( just N the... 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